Megaloblastic Anemia
Vitamin B12, according to the Linus Pauling Institute at
the University of Oregon, is necessary for the absorption of folate by the body,
which is needed for DNA synthesis for development of red blood cells. Therefore,
a vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to development of large, immature,
hemoglobin-poor red blood cells that do not provide enough oxygen to the body's
tissues. Known as megaloblastic anemia, this condition can cause fatigue,
shortness of breath, diarrhea, loss of appetite and problems concentrating,
according to MedlinePlus. Supplementation with folic acid can provide enough
folate for the body in order to restore normal red blood cell development;
however, if vitamin B12 deficiency is the cause of megaloblastic anemia, then
the condition will continue until the deficiency is corrected
Neurologic Symptoms
Since vitamin B12 is involved in the development of the
protective coat of nerves known as the myelin sheath, a vitamin B12 deficiency
can lead to neurologic problems, according to the Linus Pauling Institute.
Symptoms such as numbness and tingling of the arms and legs, memory problems,
disorientation, dementia, mood changes and depression may result from vitamin
B12 deficiency, according to ODS.
Eating and Digestive Problems
Impaired DNA synthesis or malabsorption issues
underlying some cases of vitamin B12 deficiency explain some eating and
digestive issues associated with vitamin B12 deficiency. Tongue soreness,
bleeding gums, loss of appetite and constipation have been associated with
deficiency of vitamin B12, according to MedlinePlus and the Linus Pauling
Institute
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